{"id":230,"date":"2020-01-25T10:55:38","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T09:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/?page_id=230"},"modified":"2022-02-25T16:28:06","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T15:28:06","slug":"nominalna-premenna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/druhy-premennych\/nominalna-premenna\/","title":{"rendered":"Nomin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nomin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1<\/strong> je premenn\u00e1, ktorej hodnoty predstavuj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tne kateg\u00f3rie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa preva\u017ene pop\u00edsan\u00e9 slovne. Meranie na tejto \u00farovni znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edsla predstavuj\u00fa reprezentantov jednotliv\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, do ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa zaraden\u00e9 hodnoty sledovanej premennej. Typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom nomin\u00e1lnej premennej je pohlavie, ktorej hodnotami je mu\u017e a \u017eena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takto vyjadren\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m premennej je potrebn\u00e9 v procese spracovania d\u00e1t priradi\u0165 \u010d\u00edslo,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 ale nevyjadruje mieru, intenzitu alebo poradie. \u010c\u00edsla s\u00fa jednoducho \u201en\u00e1lepkami\u201c, ktor\u00fdmi v\u00fdskumn\u00edk nahr\u00e1dza p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie hodnoty premennej. Napr. mu\u017eovi prirad\u00edme \u010d\u00edslo „1“ a \u017eene \u010d\u00edslo „2“. Na tejto \u00farovni plat\u00ed vz\u0165ah ekvivalencie (=), rovnosti, <\/strong>tzn., \u017ee ak sme mu\u017eovi priradili \u010d\u00edslo „1“ neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee je v nie\u010dom lep\u0161\u00ed ako \u017eena, ktorej sme priradili \u010d\u00edslo „2“, na tejto \u00farovni merania s\u00fa si hodnoty premennej rovn\u00e9. Podobne pri premennej napr. soci\u00e1lny status (hodnoty premennej s\u00fa slobodn\u00fd\/\u00e1 = 1, vydat\u00e1\/\u017eenat\u00fd = 2, rozveden\u00fd\/\u00e1 = 3).<\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee nomin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 nadob\u00fada dve hodnoty, naz\u00fdva sa dichotomick\u00e1 premenn\u00e1<\/strong> (napr. mu\u017e\/\u017eena; \u00e1no\/nie).<\/span>
\nV procese spracovania d\u00e1t hodnot\u00e1m premennej prirad\u00edme \u010d\u00edslo napr. nasledovne: pohlavie: mu\u017e = 1, \u017eena = 2; n\u00e1rodnos\u0165: slovensk\u00e1 = 1, nemeck\u00e1 = 2, rak\u00faska = 3 at\u010f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sledovan\u00e9 hodnoty mo\u017eno op\u00edsa\u0165 ich po\u010detnos\u0165ou, pr\u00edp. percentu\u00e1lnymi ukazovate\u013emi. Pri \u0161tatistickom spracovan\u00ed nomin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch je jedin\u00e1 pr\u00edpustn\u00e1 \u0161tatistick\u00e1 miera – modus<\/a> <\/strong>a na vizualiz\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t je najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed kruhov\u00fd a st\u013apcov\u00fd graf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady nomin\u00e1lnej premennej: n\u00e1rodnos\u0165 (slovensk\u00e1, nemeck\u00e1, rak\u00faska), rodinn\u00fd stav (slobodn\u00fd, \u017eenat\u00fd\/vydat\u00e1, vdovec\/vdova, rozveden\u00e1\/rozveden\u00fd at\u010f).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e farba o\u010d\u00ed, napr. hned\u00e1, zelen\u00e1, modr\u00e1 at\u010f. Hodnoty premennej sa v tomto pr\u00edpade len „pomenuj\u00fa“, ak sa v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom usporiadaj\u00fa (napr. odtiene farby od naj-svetlej\u0161ej po naj-tmav\u0161iu) ide o ordin\u00e1lnu premenn\u00fa<\/a>. V tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00f4\u017eeme priradi\u0165 \u010d\u00edsla nasledovne: najsvetlej\u0161\u00ed odtie\u0148 = 1, svetl\u00fd odtie\u0148 = 2, tmav\u0161\u00ed odtie\u0148 = 3, najtmav\u0161\u00ed odtie\u0148 = 4 –> u\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eeme ur\u010di\u0165, \u017ee respondenti s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edslom maj\u00fa tmav\u0161\u00ed odtie\u0148 o\u010d\u00ed, teda ur\u010dujeme nejak\u00e9 poradie.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nomin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 je premenn\u00e1, ktorej hodnoty predstavuj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tne kateg\u00f3rie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa preva\u017ene pop\u00edsan\u00e9 slovne. Meranie na tejto \u00farovni znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edsla predstavuj\u00fa reprezentantov jednotliv\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, do ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa zaraden\u00e9 hodnoty sledovanej premennej. Typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom nomin\u00e1lnej premennej je pohlavie, ktorej hodnotami je mu\u017e a \u017eena. Takto vyjadren\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m premennej je potrebn\u00e9 v procese spracovania d\u00e1t priradi\u0165 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":219,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-230","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2221,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230\/revisions\/2221"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}