{"id":240,"date":"2020-01-25T12:02:11","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T11:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/?page_id=240"},"modified":"2022-01-09T02:28:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-09T01:28:09","slug":"kardinalna-premenna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/druhy-premennych\/kardinalna-premenna\/","title":{"rendered":"Kardin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kardin\u00e1lna (spojit\u00e1) premenn\u00e1<\/strong> vyjadruje vlastnos\u0165 javu (premennej) prostredn\u00edctvom \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, medzi ktor\u00fdmi je jasn\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 rozdielu. Prekon\u00e1va nedostatok ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch \u2013 toti\u017e nerovnak\u00e9, alebo nezn\u00e1me vzdialenosti medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi bodmi stupnice (Ferjen\u010d\u00edk, 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edsla s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 na diferencovanie \u00farovn\u00ed empirickej vlastnosti, pri\u010dom odstup t\u00fdchto \u00farovn\u00ed je kon\u0161tantn\u00fd (napr. v\u00fdska os\u00f4b – rozdiel medzi 160 a 165 je ten ist\u00fd ako medzi 181 a 186) (Gr\u00f6pel, 2008).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kardin\u00e1lne premenn\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa merate\u013en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno graficky zn\u00e1zorni\u0165 tak, \u017ee zvisl\u00e1 os ozna\u010duje \u010dastos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu meranej veli\u010diny a vodorovn\u00e1 os predstavuje stupnicu meran\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t danej veli\u010diny (histogram) (Tom\u0161\u00edk, 2017). Rozlo\u017eenie sa zobrazuje vo forme Gaussovej krivky, ktor\u00e1, ak m\u00e1 symetrick\u00fd, zvonov\u00fd tvar, hovor\u00edme o norm\u00e1lnom rozdelen\u00ed (rozlo\u017een\u00ed) d\u00e1t<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklady: teplota, v\u00fd\u0161ka, v\u00e1ha, vek, po\u010det det\u00ed, po\u010det s\u00farodencov, mzda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak je premenn\u00e1 (mzda) rozdelen\u00e1 do intervalov napr.: do 200 \u20ac, 201 \u2013 400 \u20ac, nad 400 \u20ac nie je to kardin\u00e1lna, ale ordin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 (nevieme ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi mzdou do 200 \u20ac a mzdou nad 400 \u20ac).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0160pecifick\u00fdm druhom kardin\u00e1lnej premennej je pomerov\u00e1 premenn\u00e1<\/strong>. Okrem vlastnost\u00ed intervalovej premennej m\u00e1 i t\u00fa vlastnos\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e1 presne definovan\u00fd bod absol\u00fatnej nuly, pod ktor\u00fa jej hodnota nem\u00f4\u017ee nikdy klesn\u00fa\u0165 (napr. v\u00fd\u0161ka, vek, hmotnos\u0165).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Disman (2006) ozna\u010duje kardin\u00e1lne premenn\u00e9 za \u201earistokraciu\u201c medzi premenn\u00fdmi, preto\u017ee \u0161tatistika s nimi m\u00f4\u017ee robi\u0165 tak\u00e9 \u201ek\u00fazla\u201c, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dovolen\u00e9 pre ostatn\u00e9 \u00farovne merania. Kardin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch v\u0161ak nie je v soci\u00e1lnych ved\u00e1ch mnoho a ako uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa viacer\u00ed autori, preva\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina premenn\u00fdch v psychol\u00f3gii, sociol\u00f3gii, pedagogike a in\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych ved\u00e1ch je ordin\u00e1lnych.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V soci\u00e1lnych i pedagogick\u00fdch v\u00fdskumoch \u010dasto pracujeme s tzv. „kv\u00e1zi“ kardin\u00e1lnymi premenn\u00fdmi, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa napr. s\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e9 indexy, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa z ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch (napr. s\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e9 indexy v dotazn\u00edku syndr\u00f3mu vyhorenia MBI), \u010di ordin\u00e1lne premenn\u00e9 s dlh\u00fdmi stupnicami (napr. 10 stup\u0148ov\u00e9).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kardin\u00e1lna (spojit\u00e1) premenn\u00e1 vyjadruje vlastnos\u0165 javu (premennej) prostredn\u00edctvom \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, medzi ktor\u00fdmi je jasn\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 rozdielu. Prekon\u00e1va nedostatok ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch \u2013 toti\u017e nerovnak\u00e9, alebo nezn\u00e1me vzdialenosti medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi bodmi stupnice (Ferjen\u010d\u00edk, 2010). \u010c\u00edsla s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 na diferencovanie \u00farovn\u00ed empirickej vlastnosti, pri\u010dom odstup t\u00fdchto \u00farovn\u00ed je kon\u0161tantn\u00fd (napr. v\u00fdska os\u00f4b – rozdiel medzi 160 a 165 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":219,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-240","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=240"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1743,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/240\/revisions\/1743"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}