{"id":317,"date":"2020-02-11T11:53:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T10:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/?page_id=317"},"modified":"2022-02-17T17:34:30","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T16:34:30","slug":"priklad-chi-kvadrat-1-premenna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/induktivna-statistika\/komparacna-analyza\/komparacia-suborov-podla-nominalnej-premennej\/priklad-chi-kvadrat-1-premenna\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t (1 premenn\u00e1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t test dobrej zhody, umo\u017e\u0148uje otestova\u0165, \u010di sa pozorovan\u00e9 po\u010detnosti l\u00ed\u0161ia od predpokladan\u00fdch (o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdch) po\u010detnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">V\u00fdpo\u010dtom Chi-kvadr\u00e1t testu sa analyzuje rozdelenie <strong>po\u010detnosti<\/strong> ur\u010ditej nomin\u00e1lnej premennej\/premenn\u00fdch (\u010falej NP).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jednoducho: spo\u010d\u00edtame, ako \u010dasto sa nie\u010do odohralo a test Ch\u00ed-kradr\u00e1t n\u00e1m povie, \u010di vid\u00edme to, \u010do sme o\u010dak\u00e1vali.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Napr. vieme, \u017ee na univerzite 3. veku \u0161tuduj\u00fa viac \u017eeny v porovnan\u00ed s mu\u017emi v pomere 70:30.\u00a0Ch\u00ed-kvad\u00e1t test n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zisti\u0165, \u010di i v na\u0161om v\u00fdberovom s\u00fabore (posluch\u00e1\u010di univerzity 3. veku na Katol\u00edckej univerzite) je rozlo\u017eenie posluch\u00e1\u010dov z h\u013eadiska pohlavia v o\u010dak\u00e1vanom pomere 70:30, alebo sa od o\u010dak\u00e1vania l\u00ed\u0161i.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pre pou\u017eitie Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1tu musia by\u0165 splnen\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face podmienky):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u017eiadna zo sk\u00faman\u00fdch buniek\/skup\u00edn nesmie ma\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa po\u010detnos\u0165 (<em>Expected N<\/em>) men\u0161iu ako 5;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">celkov\u00fd po\u010det v\u0161etk\u00fdch respondentov by nemal by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako 40.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pr<\/strong><b>\u00edklad \u010d. 1<\/b>: Cie\u013eom anal\u00fdzy je identifikova\u0165 typol\u00f3giu temperamentu u stredo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch \u0161tudentov. Zauj\u00edma n\u00e1s, \u010di niektor\u00fd typ temperamentu prevl\u00e1da, alebo je rozlo\u017eenie rovnak\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Z frekven\u010dnej tabu\u013eky by na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead mohlo by\u0165 zrejm\u00e9, ktor\u00fd typ temperamentu sa vyskytuje najfrekventovanej\u0161ie. My v\u0161ak potrebujeme zisti\u0165, \u010di rozdiely medzi po\u010detnos\u0165ami \u0161tatisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 (a v\u00fdsledky je mo\u017en\u00e9 zov\u0161eobecni\u0165), alebo ide iba o v\u00fdsledok n\u00e1hody.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">H<sub>0<\/sub>: Jednotliv\u00e9 typy temperamentu s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00e9 v rovnakom pomere (teda 25:25:25:25).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">H<sub>A<\/sub>: Jednotliv\u00e9 typy temperamentu s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00e9 rozdielne od o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho pomeru (25:25:25:25).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Operacionaliz\u00e1cia<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">typ temperamentu &#8211; 1 = <strong>sangvinik<\/strong>, 2 = <strong>cholerik<\/strong>, 3 = <strong>melancholik<\/strong>, 4 = <strong>flegmatik<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 80px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 40px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 601px; height: 40px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\"><strong>Videon\u00e1vod: SPSS<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601px; height: 40px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Videon\u00e1vod: EXCEL<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 40px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 601px; height: 40px;\"><iframe title=\"Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t jedna premenn\u00e1\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/j7XJbMNAjdM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 601px; height: 40px;\"><iframe title=\"Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t test dobrej zhody - Excel\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cvGtql_ST8k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Podobn\u00fd test ako ch\u00ed-kvad\u00e1t test dobrej zhody, je Binomick\u00fd test, jeho \u0161pecifikom je, \u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri analyzovan\u00ed dichotomick\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch (ak nomin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 nadob\u00fada dve hodnoty, naz\u00fdva sa dichotomick\u00e1 premenn\u00e1 (napr. mu\u017e\/\u017eena; \u00e1no\/nie). Tento test pou\u017eijeme napr\u00edklad vtedy, ak chceme zisti\u0165, \u010di u\u010ditelia pova\u017euj\u00fa svoju profesiu za spolo\u010densky prest\u00ed\u017enu, alebo nie. Zis\u0165ujeme, \u010di sa odpovede u\u010dite\u013eov (\u00e1no\/nie) l\u00ed\u0161ia od o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho pomeru odpoved\u00ed 50:50.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cesta pre v\u00fdpo\u010det binomick\u00e9ho testu v programe SPSS je: Analyze &#8211; Nonparametric Tests &#8211; Legacy dialogs &#8211; Binominal&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd pr\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pr\u00edklad \u010d. 2 si m\u00f4\u017eete sk\u00fasi\u0165 sami vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165. Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jdete pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fa d\u00e1tov\u00fa maticu v SPSS i v Exceli, s\u00fabory si m\u00f4\u017eete stiahnu\u0165. To \u010di ste zadanie spr\u00e1vne vypo\u010d\u00edtali si m\u00f4\u017eete overi\u0165, ak v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdsledok vlo\u017e\u00edte do v\u00fdsledkov\u00e9ho okna, ktor\u00e9 taktie\u017e n\u00e1jdete ni\u017e\u0161ie pod zadan\u00edm pr\u00edkladu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pr<\/strong><b>\u00edklad \u010d. 2<\/b>: Cie\u013eom anal\u00fdzy je zisti\u0165, \u010di je pomer u\u010dite\u013eov a u\u010diteliek v takom pomere, ak\u00fd o\u010dak\u00e1vame, teda 30:70.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">H<sub style=\"color: #000000;\">0<\/sub>:\u00a0U\u010dite\u013eky a u\u010ditelia s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00ed v pomere 70:30.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">H<sub>A<\/sub>:\u00a0U\u010dite\u013eky a u\u010ditelia s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00ed rozdielne od o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho pomeru\u00a070:30.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Operacionaliz\u00e1cia<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">pohlavie u\u010dite\u013ea &#8211; 1 = <strong>\u017eena<\/strong>, 2 = <strong>mu\u017e<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 81px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 41px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 41px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>D\u00e1tov\u00e1 matica IBM SPSS na stiahnutie<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 41px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>D\u00e1tov\u00e1 matica MS EXCEL na stiahnutie<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 40px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/komparacnaanalyza_nominalna-premenna.zip\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-980\" src=\"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cropped-logoIBM-SPSS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"116\" height=\"94\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/data-uloha-2_chitest.xlsx\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-105\" src=\"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/782px-Microsoft_Excel_2013_logo.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"102\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/782px-Microsoft_Excel_2013_logo.svg_.png 782w, https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/782px-Microsoft_Excel_2013_logo.svg_-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/782px-Microsoft_Excel_2013_logo.svg_-768x754.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 102px) 100vw, 102px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">Overte si \u010di ste pr\u00edklad vypo\u010d\u00edtali spr\u00e1vne<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">(v pr\u00edpade spr\u00e1vneho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu je v\u00fdsledok v zelenom r\u00e1m\u010deku)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class = \"hdq_quiz_wrapper\"><a href = \"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/induktivna-statistika\/komparacna-analyza\/komparacia-suborov-podla-nominalnej-premennej\/priklad-chi-kvadrat-1-premenna\/\" rel=\"noamphtml\" class = \"hdq_quiz_start hdq_button button\" role = \"button\">Otvori\u0165 overenie v\u00fdpo\u010dtu<\/a><\/div><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">! vpisujte p-hodnotu <strong>zaokr\u00fahlen\u00fa<\/strong> na 3-desatinn\u00e9 miesta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">! vpisujte v\u00fdsledok i\u00a0<strong>s nulou pred \u010diarkou<\/strong>, napr. 0,005 (v SPSS je v\u00fdsledok vo forme z\u00e1pisu .005).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t test dobrej zhody, umo\u017e\u0148uje otestova\u0165, \u010di sa pozorovan\u00e9 po\u010detnosti l\u00ed\u0161ia od predpokladan\u00fdch (o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdch) po\u010detnost\u00ed. V\u00fdpo\u010dtom Chi-kvadr\u00e1t testu sa analyzuje rozdelenie po\u010detnosti ur\u010ditej nomin\u00e1lnej premennej\/premenn\u00fdch (\u010falej NP). Jednoducho: spo\u010d\u00edtame, ako \u010dasto sa nie\u010do odohralo a test Ch\u00ed-kradr\u00e1t n\u00e1m povie, \u010di vid\u00edme to, \u010do sme o\u010dak\u00e1vali. Napr. vieme, \u017ee na univerzite 3. veku \u0161tuduj\u00fa viac \u017eeny [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":277,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-317","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=317"}],"version-history":[{"count":135,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2175,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/317\/revisions\/2175"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}