{"id":503,"date":"2020-03-28T10:28:12","date_gmt":"2020-03-28T09:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/?page_id=503"},"modified":"2022-02-25T16:42:53","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T15:42:53","slug":"validita","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/psychometricke-charakteristiky-vyskumneho-nastroja\/validita\/","title":{"rendered":"Validita"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Validita<\/strong> je miera zhody medzi nameran\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledkami a t\u00fdm \u010do sme chceli mera\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Odpoved\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zku: <em><strong>Do akej miery test (dotazn\u00edk) meria skuto\u010dne to, \u010do sme chceli aby meral?<\/strong> <\/em>(Ferjen\u010d\u00edk, 2000).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Napr\u00edklad v\u00fdskumn\u00edk chce zisti\u0165 motiv\u00e1ciu k \u0161t\u00fadiu na vysokej \u0161kole a vytvor\u00ed dotazn\u00edk. To v\u0161ak e\u0161te neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee dotazn\u00edk a ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 v \u0148om polo\u017eil skuto\u010dne meraj\u00fa motiv\u00e1ciu (mo\u017eno formuloval ot\u00e1zky sk\u00f4r tak, \u017ee meraj\u00fa postoje, z\u00e1ujmy a pod.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In\u00fd pr\u00edklad uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Urb\u00e1nek a kol. (2011) &#8211; ide o to, \u010di skuto\u010dne existuje rys naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u201eemocion\u00e1lna granularita\u201c, preto\u017ee t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00fdsledok z\u00edskan\u00fd nejak\u00fdm testom nejako nazveme, samozrejme nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee atrib\u00fat s t\u00fdmto n\u00e1zvom skuto\u010dne existuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ferjen\u010d\u00edk (2000) popisuje tri druhy validity:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Obsahov\u00e1<\/strong> validita &#8211; zis\u0165ujeme do akej miery meranie skuto\u010dne reprezentuje dan\u00e9 vlastnosti alebo kvality (napr. pri kon\u0161trukcii vedomostn\u00fdch testov si v\u0161\u00edmame, \u010di ot\u00e1zky pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa cel\u00fa problematiku sk\u00fa\u0161anej l\u00e1tky).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Kriteri\u00e1lna<\/strong> validita sa posudzuje zhodou v\u00fdsledkov medzi zav\u00e1dzanou proced\u00farou s niektorou kriteri\u00e1lnou premennou alebo s in\u00fdm meran\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 je u\u017e overenou proced\u00faru merania niekedy naz\u00fdvame \u201ezlat\u00fd \u0161tandard\u201c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">napr. vyv\u00edjame v\u00fdskumn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj zameran\u00fd na identifikovanie pracovnej spokojnosti akademick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov. Pri overovan\u00ed kriteri\u00e1lnej validity budeme h\u013eada\u0165 zhodu medzi nami vytvoren\u00fdm v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom a n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 dlhodobo overen\u00e9 psychometrick\u00e9 charakteristiky (napr. Dotazn\u00edk na meranie pracovnej spokojnosti autorov Koll\u00e1rik, \u010cern\u00fd a Kubal\u00e1k, 1988). Uveden\u00e9 sa realizuje <a href=\"http:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/induktivna-statistika\/korelacna-analyza\/\">korela\u010dnou anal\u00fdzou<\/a> a v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee korela\u010dn\u00e9 koeficienty bud\u00fa dos\u0165 siln\u00e9 a v o\u010dak\u00e1vanom smere, prispieva to k predpokladu, \u017ee nami vytvoren\u00fd n\u00e1stroj je validn\u00fd, preto\u017ee meria to, \u010do sme zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eali mera\u0165 &#8211; pracovn\u00fa spokojnos\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Kon\u0161truktov\u00e1<\/strong> validita sa zaober\u00e1 teoretick\u00fdmi aspektmi meran\u00e9ho kon\u0161truktu (premennej), ako je formul\u00e1cia dan\u00e9ho kon\u0161truktu, alebo h\u013eadanie vhodn\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. V tejto technike sa kon\u0161truuje test hypot\u00e9z, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja sk\u00faman\u00fa vlastnos\u0165 s technikou merania, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva. Napr. zostrojenie \u0161k\u00e1ly merania frustr\u00e1cie profesorom Tomom, ktor\u00fd na dok\u00e1zanie jej validity formuloval s\u00fabor hypot\u00e9z, ktor\u00e9 predpovedaj\u00fa za ak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 frustr\u00e1cie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>Diskrimina\u010dn\u00e1<\/b> validita \u2013 je jeden z pr\u00edstupov k zhodnoteniu kon\u0161truktovej validity. Diskrimina\u010dn\u00e1 validita je dosiahnut\u00e1 v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee hodnoty premennej meraj\u00face dan\u00fd koncept (kon\u0161trukt) nie s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 silno korelovan\u00e9 s meran\u00edm odli\u0161n\u00fdch, av\u0161ak pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch konceptov.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj (aj prevzat\u00fd) by mal ma\u0165 pod\u013ea z\u00e1sad metodol\u00f3gie v\u00fdskumu zisten\u00fa valitidu a reliabilitu v danom v\u00fdskume. Je to z toho d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165, \u010di v\u00fdskumn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj obstoj\u00ed v nov\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch podmienkach.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>V pr\u00edpade pou\u017eitia \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 boli dostato\u010dne vysk\u00fa\u0161an\u00e9 a zalo\u017een\u00e9 na reprezentat\u00edvnej v\u00fdskumnej vzorke sa validita a reliabilita nemus\u00ed zis\u0165ova\u0165. Av\u0161ak autori \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch met\u00f3d by mali v \u010dasovom odstupe overova\u0165, \u010di s\u00fa p\u00f4vodn\u00e9\u00a0normy st\u00e1le platn\u00e9 (Gavora, 2013).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Validita je miera zhody medzi nameran\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledkami a t\u00fdm \u010do sme chceli mera\u0165. Odpoved\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zku: Do akej miery test (dotazn\u00edk) meria skuto\u010dne to, \u010do sme chceli aby meral? (Ferjen\u010d\u00edk, 2000). Napr\u00edklad v\u00fdskumn\u00edk chce zisti\u0165 motiv\u00e1ciu k \u0161t\u00fadiu na vysokej \u0161kole a vytvor\u00ed dotazn\u00edk. To v\u0161ak e\u0161te neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee dotazn\u00edk a ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 v \u0148om [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":496,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-503","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=503"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2235,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/503\/revisions\/2235"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estatistika.ku.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}